Behind the Scenes: Iranian Leaders and the Women Beside Them

However, the U.S. withdrawal from the JCPOA under President Trump in 2018 dealt a severe blow to Rouhani's credibility. Economic difficulties worsened, and internal protests escalated. While Rouhani advocated for engagement and reform, his second term was marred by widespread dissatisfaction, reduced political space, and the resurgence of hardline influence in Iranian politics.