Masjid al-Haram's Expansion: From Umar's Short Wall to Zamzam-Water Robots

A hundred years ago, Masjid al-Haram could only host about 50,000 worshippers at a time. Today, thanks to the largest and most sophisticated expansion project in its history, it can accommodate up to 3 million worshippers simultaneously. Furthermore, the mosque can now support approximately 107,000 pilgrims performing Tawaf (the circumambulation of the Kaaba) every hour. These changes reflect not only architectural and technological evolution but also the growing global presence and participation in Islamic rituals.