Masjid al-Haram's Expansion: From Umar's Short Wall to Zamzam-Water Robots

In 2011, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz initiated the most ambitious expansion in the mosque’s history. Completed during the reign of King Salman in 2015, this project increased the mosque’s total area to approximately 1.5 million square meters. In addition to architectural growth, this phase incorporated advanced technological systems for managing large crowds, ensuring safety, and improving logistics. This comprehensive expansion set new global standards for religious architecture and urban planning.