Masjid al-Haram's Expansion: From Umar's Short Wall to Zamzam-Water Robots

Masjid al-Haram in Mecca is not only the most sacred mosque in Islam but also one of the most remarkable architectural and historical landmarks in the world. Located in the heart of Mecca, it surrounds the Kaaba—the spiritual focal point for Muslims during daily prayers and the pilgrimage (Hajj). Over the centuries, this mosque has undergone multiple phases of development, gradually transforming from a modest prayer space into an expansive complex capable of accommodating millions of worshippers.